Plutonium vs Lead
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu
Pb
Group Number
0
18
14
4
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Actinide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440075
99+
7439921
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
11.00
13
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Unknown
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.000001 %
18
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
- It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
30.00 p.p.m.
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C
99+
327.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C
24
1,740.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
38.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s
99+
1,190.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu
Pb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28
33
1.87
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.29
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.55
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.41
2
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.85
8
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72
21
1.67
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol
99+
715.60 kJ/mol
31
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr
22
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.25 eV
21
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94
24
82
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
94
24
82
34
Number of Neutrons
150
11
125
19
Number of Electrons
94
24
82
34
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm
28
175.00 pm
19
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
202.00 pm
27
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu
19
207.20 amu
30
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol
99+
18.17 cm3/mol
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)
21
24.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm
4
495.08 pm
16
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3
13
11.34 g/cm3
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3
8
10.66 g/cm3
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available
12.00 MPa
20
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
26
1.64 (Pa)
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)
12
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa
18
5.60 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
46.00 GPa
24
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa
21
16.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21
32
0.44
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.84
7
11.35
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m
99+
208.00 nΩ·m
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
Electron Affinity
Not Available
35.10 kJ/mol
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K
3
26.65 J/mol·K
26
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K
99+
35.30 W/m·K
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)
6
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol
25
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol
99+
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol
26
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
64.80 J/mol.K
17
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