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Lead vs Plutonium

Lead
Plutonium
Plutonium vs Lead


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb   
Pu   
Group Number
14   
4
0   
18
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7439921   
99+
7440075   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P121/m1   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
11.00   
13
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
In Between 1940 1941   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
23
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C   
99+
639.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C   
99+
3,235.00 °C   
24
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb   
Pu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87   
13
1.28   
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29   
4
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.22   
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41   
2
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
8
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67   
99+
2.72   
21
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82   
34
94   
24
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82   
34
94   
24
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
150   
11
Number of Electrons
82   
34
94   
24
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm   
19
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
187.00 pm   
20
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu   
30
244.00 amu   
19
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Neptunium
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Americium
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
64.90 (-eV)   
21
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm   
16
618.30 pm   
4
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3   
33
19.82 g/cm3   
13
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3   
15
16.63 g/cm3   
8
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa   
20
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)   
7
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa   
99+
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa   
24
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa   
99+
96.00 GPa   
21
Poisson Ratio
0.44   
3
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35   
25
19.84   
7
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K   
38
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
Not Available   
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