Symbol
Pu
  
Ga
  
Period Number
7
  
4
  
Block
f block
  
p block
  
Element Family
Actinide
  
Post-Transition
  
Space Group Name
P121/m1
  
Cmca
  
Interesting Facts
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941
  
In 1875
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
  
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
  
~0.000004 %
  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
-
It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
37
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
  
13
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
  
36
Not Available
  
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C
  
24
2,403.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
NA
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s
  
99+
2,740.00 m/s
  
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Pu
  
Ga
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol
  
13
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol
  
28
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
6,180.00 kJ/mol
  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr
  
22
0.87 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
  
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100
  
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol
  
99+
11.80 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)
  
21
69.70 (-eV)
  
19
Lattice Angles
NA
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3
  
13
5.91 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
  
Semiconductor
  
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
  
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω
  
29
Electron Affinity
Not Available
  
28.90 kJ/mol
  
31
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
  
39
0.37 J/(kg K)
  
16
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K
  
3
25.86 J/mol·K
  
35
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K
  
99+
40.60 W/m·K
  
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)
  
6
18.00 µm/(m·K)
  
24
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol
  
25
256.10 kJ/mol
  
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol
  
99+
5.59 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol
  
26
276.10 kJ/mol
  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
  
40.80 J/mol.K
  
38