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Plutonium vs Gallium


Gallium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Pu   
Ga   

Group Number
0   
18
13   
5

Period Number
7   
4   

Block
f block   
p block   

Element Family
Actinide   
Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440553   
32

Space Group Name
P121/m1   
Cmca   

Space Group Number
11.00   
13
64.00   
9

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  

Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   

Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1875   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000004 %   
16

Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16

Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
24

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
22

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
29.78 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
2,403.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
NA   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
56.80 MPa   
99+

Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
2,740.00 m/s   
31

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Pu   
Ga   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
20   
19
24   
15

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
1.81   
15

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.42   
2

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.82   
1

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.01   
5

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.76   
14

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
2.19   
39

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13

3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28

4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.20 eV   
23

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
94   
24
31   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   

Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   

Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
94   
24
31   
99+

Number of Neutrons
150   
11
39   
99+

Number of Electrons
94   
24
31   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
135.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
122.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
187.00 pm   
32

Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
69.72 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Zinc
  

Next Element
Americium
  
Rubidium
  

Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
69.70 (-eV)   
19

Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
451.97 pm   
18

Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
5.91 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
6.10 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
0.00 (Pa)   
15

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
9.80 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.47   
1

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
5.91   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Semiconductor   

Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
270.00 nΩ·m   
15

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29

Electron Affinity
Not Available   
28.90 kJ/mol   
31

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16

Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
25.86 J/mol·K   
35

Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
40.60 W/m·K   
34

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
256.10 kJ/mol   
36

Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
276.10 kJ/mol   
39

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
40.80 J/mol.K   
38

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