Gallium vs Plutonium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga
Pu
Group Number
13
5
0
18
Period Number
4
7
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
CAS Number
7440553
32
7440075
99+
Space Group Name
Cmca
P121/m1
Space Group Number
64.00
9
11.00
13
Facts
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Discovery
In 1875
In Between 1940 1941
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
24
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
- It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C
99+
639.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
99+
3,235.00 °C
24
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
31
2,260.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga
Pu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81
15
1.28
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42
2
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82
1
1.22
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01
5
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.76
14
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
2.72
21
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
584.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
2,084.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
3,338.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
2.28 g/amp-hr
22
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV
23
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31
99+
94
24
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
31
99+
94
24
Number of Neutrons
39
99+
150
11
Number of Electrons
31
99+
94
24
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm
99+
159.00 pm
28
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu
99+
244.00 amu
19
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
12.32 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
19
64.90 (-eV)
21
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm
18
618.30 pm
4
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
99+
19.82 g/cm3
13
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
99+
16.63 g/cm3
8
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
0.00 (Pa)
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
2.20 (Pa)
12
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
43.00 GPa
18
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa
99+
96.00 GPa
21
Poisson Ratio
0.47
1
0.21
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91
99+
19.84
7
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
15
1.46 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
35.50 J/mol·K
3
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
34
6.74 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
46.70 µm/(m·K)
6
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
36
344.00 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
2.82 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
39
360.00 kJ/mol
26
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
38
Not Available
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