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Gallium vs Plutonium

Gallium
Plutonium
Plutonium vs Gallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga   
Pu   
Group Number
13   
5
0   
18
Period Number
4   
7   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440553   
32
7440075   
99+
Space Group Name
Cmca   
P121/m1   
Space Group Number
64.00   
9
11.00   
13
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Discovery
In 1875   
In Between 1940 1941   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
24
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C   
99+
639.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C   
99+
3,235.00 °C   
24
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s   
31
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga   
Pu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24   
15
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81   
15
1.28   
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42   
2
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82   
1
1.22   
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01   
5
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.76   
14
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19   
39
2.72   
21
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV   
23
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31   
99+
94   
24
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
31   
99+
94   
24
Number of Neutrons
39   
99+
150   
11
Number of Electrons
31   
99+
94   
24
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm   
99+
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
187.00 pm   
20
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm   
32
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu   
99+
244.00 amu   
19
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zinc
  
Neptunium
  
Next Element
Rubidium
  
Americium
  
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)   
19
64.90 (-eV)   
21
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm   
18
618.30 pm   
4
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
19.82 g/cm3   
13
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
16.63 g/cm3   
8
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
15
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
43.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa   
99+
96.00 GPa   
21
Poisson Ratio
0.47   
1
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.91   
99+
19.84   
7
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K   
34
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
Not Available   
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