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Plutonium vs Lead

Plutonium
Lead
Lead vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
Pb   
Group Number
0   
18
14   
4
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Unknown   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
38.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
125   
19
Number of Electrons
94   
24
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
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