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Plutonium vs Lead

Plutonium
Lead
Lead vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu  
Pb  
Group Number
0  
18
14  
4
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440075  
99+
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
11.00  
16
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
-  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
639.50 °C  
99+
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C  
25
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa  
22
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa  
26
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pu  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28  
34
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.28  
26
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.28  
99+
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72  
21
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
39
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr  
26
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV  
38
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
94  
24
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94  
24
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
125  
20
Number of Electrons
94  
24
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu  
19
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)  
21
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm  
4
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.74  
6
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3  
13
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3  
18
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)  
12
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa  
23
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84  
16
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol  
99+
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K  
4
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol  
36
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol  
35
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K  
99+
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
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