Aluminium Bismuth Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Al
Bi
Group Number
13
5
15
3
Period Number
3
6
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7429905
99+
7440699
22
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
C12/m1
Space Group Number
225.00
2
12.00
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
In 1825
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %
5
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %
5
~0.000006 %
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %
5
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %
1
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
6
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
10
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
11
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C
99+
271.30 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
99+
1,560.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.75
13
2.25
15
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
99+
70.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa
35
Not Available
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
10
1,790.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
71.00 %
10
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
11
27
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61
22
2.02
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71
13
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83
8
2.15
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.61
20
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39
32
1.98
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
703.00 kJ/mol
35
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV
19
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13
99+
83
33
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
13
99+
83
33
Number of Neutrons
14
99+
126
18
Number of Electrons
13
99+
83
33
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm
37
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm
99+
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm
34
207.00 pm
26
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu
99+
208.98 amu
29
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
21.30 cm3/mol
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
17
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm
22
667.40 pm
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
99+
9.78 g/cm3
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
10.05 g/cm3
18
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa
19
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
18
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa
29
12.00 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa
18
31.00 GPa
38
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa
28
32.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35
9
0.33
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.72
99+
9.79
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
4
0.00 H/m
6
Susceptibility
0.00
3
0.00
6
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
26
91.20 kJ/mol
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
4
7.97 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
31
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
35
10.90 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
31
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
56.70 J/mol.K
24
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