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Aluminium vs Bismuth

Aluminium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al  
Bi  
Group Number
13  
5
15  
3
Period Number
3  
6  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7429905  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1825  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %  
6
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %  
5
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %  
5
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %  
1
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
6
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3  
9
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.  
11
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
660.37 °C  
99+
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75  
14
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s  
14
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.61  
31
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Al  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11  
27
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61  
23
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71  
16
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83  
16
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.61  
23
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39  
32
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol  
20
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol  
39
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol  
3
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol  
2
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol  
2
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol  
2
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol  
4
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
57,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,775.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV  
26
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
13  
99+
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13  
99+
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
14  
99+
126  
19
Number of Electrons
13  
99+
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm  
39
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm  
99+
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm  
99+
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu  
99+
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)  
17
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm  
25
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa  
36
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa  
19
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa  
30
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72  
99+
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m  
99+
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω  
4
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol  
31
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)  
5
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K  
4
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
933.00 K  
99+
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)  
18
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol  
99+
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol  
99+
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
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