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Aluminium vs Bismuth

Aluminium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al   
Bi   
Group Number
13   
5
15   
3
Period Number
3   
6   
Block
p block   
p block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7429905   
99+
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
In 1825   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %   
5
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %   
5
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %   
5
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %   
1
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
6
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
10
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C   
99+
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C   
99+
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75   
13
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa   
99+
70.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa   
35
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s   
10
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
71.00 %   
10
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11   
27
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61   
22
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71   
13
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83   
8
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.61   
20
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39   
32
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV   
19
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13   
99+
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13   
99+
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
14   
99+
126   
18
Number of Electrons
13   
99+
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm   
37
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm   
99+
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm   
34
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu   
99+
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)   
17
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm   
22
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa   
19
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa   
29
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa   
18
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa   
28
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35   
9
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72   
99+
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
4
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
0.00   
3
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K   
4
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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