Aluminium vs Holmium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Al
Ho
Group Number
13
5
Not Available
Period Number
3
6
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7429905
99+
7440600
29
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Marc Delafontaine
Discovery
In 1825
In 1878
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %
5
5 * 10-8 %
27
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %
5
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %
5
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %
1
0.00 %
38
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
6
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
10
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
- Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
Not Available
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
11
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C
99+
1,461.00 °C
30
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
99+
2,600.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.75
13
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
99+
746.00 MPa
13
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa
35
481.00 MPa
23
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
10
2,760.00 m/s
30
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
71.00 %
10
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al
Ho
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
11
27
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61
22
1.23
37
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71
13
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.10
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83
8
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.61
20
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39
32
2.77
17
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
581.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
1,140.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
2,204.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
4,100.00 kJ/mol
34
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
2.02 g/amp-hr
29
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV
19
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13
99+
67
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
13
99+
67
99+
Number of Neutrons
14
99+
98
34
Number of Electrons
13
99+
67
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm
37
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm
99+
192.00 pm
17
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm
34
216.00 pm
24
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu
99+
164.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
18.70 cm3/mol
24
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
17
47.90 (-eV)
31
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm
22
357.73 pm
38
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
99+
8.79 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
8.34 g/cm3
26
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa
19
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
18
0.00 (Pa)
16
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa
29
26.30 GPa
28
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa
18
40.20 GPa
32
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa
28
64.80 GPa
31
Poisson Ratio
0.35
9
0.23
29
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.72
99+
8.80
35
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
4
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
814.00 nΩ·m
4
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
26
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
27.15 J/mol·K
19
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
4
16.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
11.20 µm/(m·K)
35
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
31
241.00 kJ/mol
38
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
35
11.76 kJ/mol
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
31
301.00 kJ/mol
36
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
75.30 J/mol.K
8
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