1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
74403937440699
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Claude François Geoffroy
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %7 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %~0.000006 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.8 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.10 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
3.1.2 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.3 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.4 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-30.02 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.5 In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.0.20 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
725.00 °C271.30 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C1,560.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.3 Brinell Hardness
4.4.5 Vickers Hardness
4.6 Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s1,790.00 m/s
818
16200
4.7 Optical Properties
4.7.1 Refractive Index
4.7.2 Reflectivity
4.9 Allotropes
4.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.2 Electronegativity
6.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.2.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.5.3 Allen Electronegativity
6.6 Electropositivity
6.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.7 Ionization Energies
6.7.1 1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.7.2 2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol1,610.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.7.4 3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol2,466.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.7.5 4th Energy Level
NA4,370.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
6.8.2 5th Energy Level
NA5,400.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
6.8.3 6th Energy Level
NA8,520.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
6.8.5 7th Energy level
6.8.6 8th Energy Level
6.8.8 9th Energy Level
6.8.9 10th Energy Level
6.9.1 11th Energy Level
6.9.2 12th Energy Level
6.10.1 13th Energy Level
6.10.2 14th Energy Level
6.12.1 15th Energy Level
6.12.2 16th Energy Level
6.13.1 17th Energy Level
6.13.2 18th Energy Level
6.15.1 19th Energy Level
6.15.2 20th Energy Level
7.1.2 21st Energy Level
7.1.3 22nd Energy Level
7.1.4 23rd Energy Level
7.1.6 24th Energy Level
7.1.7 25th Energy Level
7.2.1 26th Energy Level
7.2.2 27th Energy Level
7.3.1 28th Energy Level
7.4.2 29th Energy Level
7.4.3 30th Energy Level
7.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr2.60 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.7 Electron Work Function
7.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
8.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
8.3.1 Crystal Lattice
8.4 Atom
8.4.1 Number of Protons
9.1.2 Number of Neutrons
9.1.5 Number of Electrons
9.3 Radius of an Atom
9.3.1 Atomic Radius
222.00 pm156.00 pm
112
265
9.3.2 Covalent Radius
215.00 pm148.00 pm
96
260
9.3.4 Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm207.00 pm
139
348
9.4 Atomic Weight
137.33 amu208.98 amu
6.94
294
10.2 Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol21.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.4.1 Previous Element
10.4.2 Next Element
10.5 Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)41.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.7 Lattice Constant
502.80 pm667.40 pm
228.58
891.25
10.9 Lattice Angles
10.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm39.78 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm310.05 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.3 Tensile Strength
11.4 Viscosity
11.5 Vapor Pressure
11.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.7 Elasticity properties
11.7.1 Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa12.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.7.2 Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa31.00 GPa
1.6
462
11.7.3 Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa32.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.8 Poisson Ratio
11.9 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
12.1.3 Permeability
NA0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
Superconductor
Semiconductor
12.2.2 Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m1.29 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol91.20 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K7.97 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)13.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol151.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol10.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol207.10 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K56.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1