1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74403937440439
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %~0.0000006 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.1.80 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
725.00 °C320.90 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C765.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Bluish-Gray
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s2,310.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol867.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol1,631.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol3,616.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
5.5.7 7th Energy level
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
222.00 pm151.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
215.00 pm144.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm158.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
137.33 amu112.41 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)30.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
502.80 pm297.94 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm38.65 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm38.00 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa19.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa42.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa50.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
8.1.3 Permeability
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Superconductor
Semiconductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m72.70 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K26.02 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K96.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)30.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol100.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol6.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol113.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K51.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1