Barium Cerium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba
Ce
Group Number
2
16
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440393
99+
7440451
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
In 1772
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %
11
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
33
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
12
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
- Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
15
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.
9
2.70 p.p.m.
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C
99+
795.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C
99+
3,257.00 °C
23
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.25
19
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
186.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
210.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s
99+
2,100.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba
Ce
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
37
2
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89
99+
1.12
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68
28
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.08
31
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88
22
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.88
99+
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11
4
2.88
11
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol
99+
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol
14
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr
20
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
2.84 eV
39
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56
99+
58
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
56
99+
58
99+
Number of Neutrons
81
99+
82
99+
Number of Electrons
56
99+
58
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm
4
181.80 pm
12
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm
5
204.00 pm
8
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm
6
235.00 pm
17
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu
99+
140.12 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol
5
20.67 cm3/mol
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)
99+
41.78 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm
15
362.00 pm
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3
99+
6.77 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3
99+
6.55 g/cm3
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)
6
0.00 (Pa)
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
1.04 (Pa)
13
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
13.50 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa
99+
21.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa
99+
33.60 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.24
27
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
3.62
99+
6.77
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m
13
828.00 nΩ·m
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol
36
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
30
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K
12
26.94 J/mol·K
23
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K
99+
11.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)
22
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol
99+
414.00 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol
99+
381.00 kJ/mol
23
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K
20
72.00 J/mol.K
12
|
||
|
||
|
