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Barium
Barium

Erbium
Erbium



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Barium Erbium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Ba
Er
1.2 Group Number
2NA
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
66
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
s block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74403937440520
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
229.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Carl Gustaf Mosander
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1772
In 1842
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %2 * 10-7 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Low Toxic
Mildly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
725.00 °C1,522.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C2,510.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Lustrous
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
1.25NA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NA814.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NA589.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s2,830.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Ba
Er
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3731
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
0.891.24
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68NA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.971.11
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88NA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
0.88NA
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
3.112.76
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol589.30 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol1,150.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol2,194.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA4,120.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr2.08 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
2.70 eVNA
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
5668
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
5668
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
8199
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
5668
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
222.00 pm176.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
215.00 pm189.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pmNA
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
137.33 amu167.26 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol18.40 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
1.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
1.2.1 Previous Element
1.2.2 Next Element
1.3 Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)49.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
1.4 Lattice Constant
502.80 pm355.88 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
1.5 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
1.6 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.57
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
2 Mechanical
2.1 Density
2.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm39.07 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
2.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm38.86 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
2.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
2.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
2.4 Vapor Pressure
2.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
2.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
2.5 Elasticity properties
2.5.1 Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa28.30 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
2.5.2 Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa44.40 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
2.5.3 Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa69.90 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
2.6 Poisson Ratio
NA0.24
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
2.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Malleable
3 Magnetic
3.1 Magnetic Characteristics
3.1.1 Specific Gravity
3.629.07
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
3.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
3.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
3.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
3.2 Electrical Properties
3.2.1 Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
3.2.2 Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m0.86 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
3.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
3.2.4 Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
4 Thermal
4.1 Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.17 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
4.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K28.12 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
4.3 Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K14.50 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
4.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
4.5 Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)12.20 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
4.6 Enthalpy
4.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol261.00 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
4.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol17.20 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
4.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol314.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
4.7 Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K73.10 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1