1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
3.2 Period Number
3.4 Block
4.2 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
4.3 CAS Number
74403937440008
7429905
54386242
5.4 Space Group Name
5.5 Space Group Number
6 Facts
6.1 Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
7.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
7.3 History
7.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Carl Auer von Welsbach
7.4.2 Discovery
7.5 Abundance
7.5.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
7.8.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %~0.0000003 %
1E-08
0.1
7.9.3 Abundance In Meteorites
7.13.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.3.2 Abundance In Oceans
8.4.4 Abundance In Humans
10 Uses
10.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
10.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
10.1.2 Medical Uses
10.1.3 Other Uses
10.2 Biological Properties
10.2.1 Toxicity
10.2.2 Present in Human Body
10.2.3 In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
10.4.2 In Bone
11 Physical
11.1 Melting Point
725.00 °C1,010.00 °C
27
3410
12.3 Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C3,127.00 °C
147
5660
12.6 Appearance
12.6.1 Physical State
12.6.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
12.6.3 Luster
12.8 Hardness
12.8.1 Mohs Hardness
12.8.5 Brinell Hardness
12.9.2 Vickers Hardness
12.11 Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s2,330.00 m/s
818
16200
12.12 Optical Properties
12.12.1 Refractive Index
12.13.3 Reflectivity
12.14 Allotropes
12.15.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12.15.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12.15.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13 Chemical
13.1 Chemical Formula
13.2 Isotopes
13.2.1 Known Isotopes
13.3 Electronegativity
13.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
13.3.6 Sanderson Electronegativity
13.3.13 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
13.3.19 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
13.3.26 Allen Electronegativity
13.4 Electropositivity
13.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
13.5 Ionization Energies
13.5.1 1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol533.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
13.5.9 2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol1,040.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.6.4 3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol2,130.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
14.1.2 4th Energy Level
NA3,900.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
14.6.2 5th Energy Level
15.1.3 6th Energy Level
15.5.5 7th Energy level
15.6.2 8th Energy Level
15.8.3 9th Energy Level
15.11.1 10th Energy Level
16.1.2 11th Energy Level
16.4.2 12th Energy Level
17.2.1 13th Energy Level
17.5.2 14th Energy Level
17.7.4 15th Energy Level
17.9.2 16th Energy Level
18.1.6 17th Energy Level
18.1.10 18th Energy Level
19.1.4 19th Energy Level
19.1.10 20th Energy Level
20.2.4 21st Energy Level
20.5.1 22nd Energy Level
20.6.1 23rd Energy Level
21.2.1 24th Energy Level
21.4.2 25th Energy Level
22.2.1 26th Energy Level
22.4.1 27th Energy Level
22.8.2 28th Energy Level
22.8.4 29th Energy Level
22.8.6 30th Energy Level
22.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr1.79 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
22.10 Electron Work Function
22.12 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
23 Atomic
23.1 Atomic Number
23.2 Electron Configuration
23.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
23.3.1 Crystal Lattice
23.4 Atom
23.4.1 Number of Protons
23.5.2 Number of Neutrons
23.5.4 Number of Electrons
23.6 Radius of an Atom
23.6.1 Atomic Radius
222.00 pm181.00 pm
112
265
23.6.3 Covalent Radius
215.00 pm201.00 pm
96
260
23.6.4 Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm229.00 pm
139
348
23.8 Atomic Weight
137.33 amu144.24 amu
6.94
294
23.9 Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol20.60 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
23.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
23.11.1 Previous Element
23.11.2 Next Element
23.12 Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)43.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
23.13 Lattice Constant
502.80 pm365.80 pm
228.58
891.25
23.16 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
23.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
24 Mechanical
24.1 Density
24.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm37.01 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
24.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm36.89 g/cm3
0.512
20
24.3 Tensile Strength
24.4 Viscosity
24.7 Vapor Pressure
24.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
25.1.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA101.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
25.2 Elasticity properties
25.2.1 Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa16.30 GPa
1.3
222
25.2.2 Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa31.80 GPa
1.6
462
25.2.4 Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa41.40 GPa
1.7
528
25.3 Poisson Ratio
25.5 Other Mechanical Properties
26 Magnetic
26.1 Magnetic Characteristics
26.1.1 Specific Gravity
26.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
26.1.3 Permeability
26.2.1 Susceptibility
26.4 Electrical Properties
26.4.1 Electrical Property
26.4.2 Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m643.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
26.4.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
26.4.5 Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
27 Thermal
27.1 Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
27.3 Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K27.45 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
27.4 Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K16.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
27.5 Critical Temperature
27.6 Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)9.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
27.7 Enthalpy
27.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol273.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
27.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol7.14 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
27.8.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol322.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
28.2 Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K71.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1