Barium Promethium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba
Pm
Group Number
2
16
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440393
99+
7440122
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Not Available
Space Group Number
229.00
1
Not Available
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Discovery
In 1772
In 1942
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
20
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %
11
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
12
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
- Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
15
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.
9
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C
99+
1,042.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C
99+
3,000.00 °C
31
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Unknown
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.25
19
Not Available
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba
Pm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
37
2
27
12
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89
99+
Not Available
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68
28
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.07
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88
22
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.88
99+
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11
4
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol
99+
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol
14
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr
20
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56
99+
61
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
56
99+
61
99+
Number of Neutrons
81
99+
84
40
Number of Electrons
56
99+
61
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm
4
183.00 pm
10
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm
5
199.00 pm
12
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm
6
236.00 pm
16
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu
99+
145.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol
5
22.39 cm3/mol
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)
99+
44.10 (-eV)
39
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm
15
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Unknown
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3
99+
7.26 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)
6
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa
99+
33.00 GPa
36
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa
99+
46.00 GPa
38
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
3.62
99+
7.26
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m
13
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
Not Available
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol
36
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
30
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K
12
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K
99+
17.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)
22
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol
99+
310.00 kJ/mol
34
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K
20
Not Available
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