Symbol
Ba
Cr
Group Number
26
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
64
2
7
👆🏻
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74403937440473
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
In 1772
In Between 1797 - 1798
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.30 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %0.01 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-30.11 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.0.33 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
725.00 °C1,857.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C2,672.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
-
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.258.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
130.00 MPa687.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa1,060.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s5,940.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.472.97
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
65.00 %70.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Ba
Cr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3721
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.891.66
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.681.66
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.971.56
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.881.66
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
0.881.65
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.112.34
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol26,130.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol28,750.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol34,230.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol37,066.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol97,510.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol105,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,020.00 kJ/mol114,300.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol125,300.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol134,700.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol144,300.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol26,130.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol28,750.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol34,230.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol37,066.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol97,510.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
50,270.00 kJ/mol105,800.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol114,300.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol125,300.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol134,700.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
502.00 kJ/mol144,300.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol157,700.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
502.00 kJ/mol166,090.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
503.00 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol652.90 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
503.00 kJ/mol653.80 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr0.32 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV4.50 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
5624
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
5624
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
8128
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
5624
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm128.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm139.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu52.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol7.23 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)170.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm291.00 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.571.86
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm37.19 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm36.30 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa689.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)774.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa115.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa160.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa279.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.220.21
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
3.627.19
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
-
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m125.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol64.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.45 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K23.35 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K93.90 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,000.00 K1,907.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)4.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol348.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol15.31 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol397.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K23.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻