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Barium vs Chromium

Barium
Chromium
Chromium vs Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba   
Cr   
Group Number
2   
16
6   
12
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440393   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1772   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
20
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %   
11
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
12
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C   
99+
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C   
99+
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25   
19
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37   
2
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68   
28
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88   
22
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.88   
99+
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11   
4
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56   
99+
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
81   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
56   
99+
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm   
4
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm   
5
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm   
6
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm   
15
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)   
6
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa   
99+
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa   
99+
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62   
99+
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
NA   
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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