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Barium vs Chromium

Barium
Chromium
Chromium vs Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba  
Cr  
Group Number
2  
16
6  
12
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440393  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1772  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %  
16
1.5 * 10-3 %  
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %  
18
~0.002 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
20
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %  
11
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3  
15
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.  
9
0.33 p.p.m.  
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C  
99+
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C  
99+
2,672.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25  
19
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
687.00 MPa  
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
1,060.00 MPa  
10
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s  
99+
5,940.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37  
2
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.66  
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68  
28
1.66  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
38
1.56  
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88  
22
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
0.88  
99+
1.65  
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11  
4
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol  
14
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
Not Available  
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available  
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available  
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available  
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available  
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr  
20
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.50 eV  
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
81  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
56  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm  
4
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm  
5
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm  
6
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol  
5
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)  
99+
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm  
15
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3  
99+
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3  
99+
6.30 g/cm3  
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)  
6
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa  
99+
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa  
99+
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.21  
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62  
99+
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
NA  
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m  
13
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
40
0.08 106/cm Ω  
25
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol  
36
64.30 kJ/mol  
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)  
30
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K  
12
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K  
99+
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)  
22
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol  
99+
348.80 kJ/mol  
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol  
99+
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol  
99+
397.50 kJ/mol  
21
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K  
20
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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