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Chromium vs Cesium

Chromium
Cesium
Cesium vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
Cs  
Group Number
6  
12
1  
17
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
7440462  
40
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Not Available  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
In 1860  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %  
7
8 * 10-8 %  
24
Abundance In Sun
~0.002 %  
7
~0.0000008 %  
20
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Mildly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
28
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
21
0.05 p.p.m.  
26
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
28.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
39
678.40 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
0.20  
25
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
16
0.14 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
10
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
5
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cr  
Cs  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
18
0.79  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
14
0.22  
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
10
0.86  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.62  
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
19
0.66  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
3.21  
2
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,234.30 kJ/mol  
8
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
3,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
Not Available  
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
13
Not Available  
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
Not Available  
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
Not Available  
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
Not Available  
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
Not Available  
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
Not Available  
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
Not Available  
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
Not Available  
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.96 g/amp-hr  
3
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
14
2.14 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
24  
99+
55  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Xe] 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
55  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
78  
99+
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
55  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
265.00 pm  
1
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
244.00 pm  
2
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
343.00 pm  
2
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
132.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
71.07 cm3/mol  
1
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Tin
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Barium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
8.62 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
614.10 pm  
5
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
1.93 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
40
1.84 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
1.60 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
1.70 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
32
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
1.87  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
205.00 nΩ·m  
17
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
25
0.05 106/cm Ω  
35
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
15
45.50 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
32.21 J/mol·K  
4
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
35.90 W/m·K  
36
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
1,938.00 K  
5
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
97.00 µm/(m·K)  
1
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
24
65.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
2.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
21
78.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
85.20 J/mol.K  
3
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