Symbol
Cs
  
Mn
  
Period Number
6
  
4
  
Block
s block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Alkali
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
  
I_ 43m
  
Interesting Facts
Not Available
  
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
  
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
  
Discovery
In 1860
  
In 1774
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %
  
20
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
-
In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
28
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
  
14
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.
  
26
100.00 p.p.m.
  
8
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C
  
37
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery Gold
  
Silver
  
Luster
NA
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa
  
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
  
5,150.00 m/s
  
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Cs
  
Mn
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
717.30 kJ/mol
  
30
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol
  
8
1,509.00 kJ/mol
  
39
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol
  
16
3,248.00 kJ/mol
  
21
4th Energy Level
Not Available
  
4,940.00 kJ/mol
  
20
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
6,990.00 kJ/mol
  
17
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
9,220.00 kJ/mol
  
16
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
11,500.00 kJ/mol
  
16
8th Energy Level
Not Available
  
18,770.00 kJ/mol
  
5
9th Energy Level
Not Available
  
21,400.00 kJ/mol
  
6
10th Energy Level
Not Available
  
23,960.00 kJ/mol
  
9
11th Energy Level
Not Available
  
27,590.00 kJ/mol
  
10
12th Energy Level
Not Available
  
30,330.00 kJ/mol
  
10
13th Energy Level
Not Available
  
33,150.00 kJ/mol
  
11
14th Energy Level
Not Available
  
38,880.00 kJ/mol
  
10
15th Energy Level
Not Available
  
41,987.00 kJ/mol
  
13
16th Energy Level
Not Available
  
109,480.00 kJ/mol
  
1
17th Energy Level
Not Available
  
118,100.00 kJ/mol
  
2
18th Energy Level
Not Available
  
127,100.00 kJ/mol
  
3
19th Energy Level
Not Available
  
138,600.00 kJ/mol
  
4
20th Energy Level
Not Available
  
148,500.00 kJ/mol
  
6
21st Energy Level
Not Available
  
158,600.00 kJ/mol
  
6
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
  
172,500.00 kJ/mol
  
5
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
  
181,380.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr
  
3
0.29 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1
  
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol
  
1
1.39 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)
  
99+
220.00 (-eV)
  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3
  
99+
7.21 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3
  
99+
5.95 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m
  
17
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
  
35
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol
  
25
0.00 kJ/mol
  
40
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
23
0.48 J/(kg K)
  
11
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K
  
4
26.32 J/mol·K
  
29
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K
  
36
7.81 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)
  
1
21.70 µm/(m·K)
  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol
  
99+
219.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
14.64 kJ/mol
  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
280.30 kJ/mol
  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K
  
3
32.00 J/mol.K
  
99+