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Cesium vs Beryllium

Cesium
Beryllium
Beryllium vs Cesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs   
Be   
Group Number
1   
17
2   
16
Period Number
6   
2   
Block
s block   
s block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440462   
40
7440417   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1860   
In 1797   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %   
24
1 * 10-7 %   
23
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %   
20
~0.00000001 %   
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
17
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
17
0.00 %   
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
28
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.   
26
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C   
99+
1,278.00 °C   
36
Boiling Point
678.40 °C   
99+
2,970.00 °C   
32
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gold   
White Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20   
25
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa   
99+
590.00 MPa   
21
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
12,890.00 m/s   
2
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs   
Be   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
9   
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79   
99+
1.57   
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22   
33
1.81   
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86   
99+
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62   
26
1.54   
12
Allen Electronegativity
0.66   
99+
1.58   
23
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21   
2
2.43   
30
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol   
99+
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol   
8
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol   
16
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr   
3
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV   
99+
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55   
99+
4   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1   
[He] 2s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
55   
99+
4   
99+
Number of Neutrons
78   
99+
5   
99+
Number of Electrons
55   
99+
4   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm   
1
112.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm   
2
96.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm   
2
153.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu   
99+
9.01 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol   
1
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tin
  
Lithium
  
Next Element
Barium
  
Sodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)   
99+
82.00 (-eV)   
15
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm   
5
228.58 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
18
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3   
99+
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3   
99+
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
132.00 GPa   
7
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa   
99+
130.00 GPa   
13
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa   
99+
287.00 GPa   
7
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.03   
35
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.87   
99+
1.85   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m   
17
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol   
25
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K   
4
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K   
36
200.00 W/m·K   
6
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K   
5
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)   
1
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol   
99+
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol   
99+
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol   
99+
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K   
3
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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