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Barium vs Copper


Copper vs Barium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ba   
Cu   

Group Number
2   
16
11   
7

Period Number
6   
4   

Block
s block   
d block   

Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440393   
99+
7440508   
37

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Unknown   

Discovery
In 1772   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
6 * 10-6 %   
12

Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.00007 %   
12

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
20
0.01 %   
13

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %   
11
0.01 %   
17

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
8

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
12
0.00 %   
9

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  

Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8

In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
26.00 p.p.m.   
12

Physical Properties

Melting Point
725.00 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40

Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery Gray   
Copper   

Luster
NA   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.25   
19
3.00   
12

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
235.00 MPa   
38

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
28

Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
3,810.00 m/s   
19

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ba   
Cu   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
37   
2
29   
10

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.90   
11

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68   
28
1.98   
9

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.75   
3

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88   
22
1.49   
14

Allen Electronegativity
0.88   
99+
1.85   
9

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
3.11   
4
2.10   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
745.50 kJ/mol   
22

2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15

3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10

7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11

20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2

21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2

22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1

23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
4.65 eV   
11

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
56   
99+
29   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
56   
99+
29   
99+

Number of Neutrons
81   
99+
35   
99+

Number of Electrons
56   
99+
29   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
222.00 pm   
4
128.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
215.00 pm   
5
132.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm   
6
140.00 pm   
99+

Atomic Weight
137.33 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Cesium
  
Nickel
  

Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Zinc
  

Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
502.80 pm   
15
361.49 pm   
35

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
8.02 g/cm3   
27

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)   
6
1.53 (Pa)   
8

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
48.00 GPa   
15

Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa   
99+
140.00 GPa   
12

Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa   
99+
120.00 GPa   
17

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.34   
10

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
3.62   
99+
8.89   
34

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5

Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2

Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
222.80 kJ/mol   
1

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15

Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
401.00 W/m·K   
2

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
283.70 kJ/mol   
33

Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
338.90 kJ/mol   
29

Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+

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