Barium vs Copper
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba
Cu
Group Number
2
16
11
7
Period Number
6
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440393
99+
7440508
37
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Unknown
Discovery
In 1772
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
6 * 10-6 %
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~0.00007 %
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
20
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %
11
0.01 %
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
12
0.00 %
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
- Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
15
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.
9
26.00 p.p.m.
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C
99+
1,084.62 °C
40
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C
99+
2,562.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Copper
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.25
19
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
235.00 MPa
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
343.00 MPa
28
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s
99+
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
90.00 %
3
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
37
2
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89
99+
1.90
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68
28
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88
22
1.49
14
Allen Electronegativity
0.88
99+
1.85
9
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11
4
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol
99+
745.50 kJ/mol
22
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol
14
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr
20
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
4.65 eV
11
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56
99+
29
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
56
99+
29
99+
Number of Neutrons
81
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
56
99+
29
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm
4
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm
5
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm
6
140.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu
99+
63.55 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol
5
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)
99+
34.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm
15
361.49 pm
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3
99+
8.96 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3
99+
8.02 g/cm3
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)
6
1.53 (Pa)
8
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
48.00 GPa
15
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa
99+
140.00 GPa
12
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa
99+
120.00 GPa
17
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
3.62
99+
8.89
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Susceptibility
Not Available
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m
13
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol
36
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
30
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K
12
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K
99+
401.00 W/m·K
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)
22
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol
99+
283.70 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol
99+
338.90 kJ/mol
29
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K
20
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
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