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Barium vs Lead

Barium
Lead
Lead vs Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba   
Pb   
Group Number
2   
16
14   
4
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440393   
99+
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1772   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %   
11
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
12
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C   
99+
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C   
99+
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25   
19
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
38.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37   
2
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68   
28
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88   
22
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
0.88   
99+
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11   
4
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56   
99+
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56   
99+
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
81   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
56   
99+
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm   
4
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm   
5
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm   
6
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu   
99+
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm   
15
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)   
6
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa   
99+
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa   
99+
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62   
99+
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
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