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Lead vs Cobalt

Lead
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Lead


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb   
Co   
Group Number
14   
4
9   
9
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439921   
99+
7440484   
38
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Georg Brandt   
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
In 1732   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
23
0.06 %   
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C   
99+
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C   
99+
2,870.00 °C   
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa   
99+
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87   
13
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29   
4
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.70   
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41   
2
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
8
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67   
99+
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82   
34
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82   
34
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
82   
34
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm   
19
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu   
30
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm   
16
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3   
33
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3   
15
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa   
20
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa   
99+
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa   
24
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa   
99+
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.44   
3
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35   
25
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K   
38
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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