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Barium vs Rubidium

Barium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba   
Rb   
Group Number
2   
16
1   
17
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
s block   
s block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440393   
99+
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1772   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %   
11
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
12
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C   
99+
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C   
99+
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Grayish White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25   
19
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
0.22 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37   
2
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68   
28
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88   
22
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
0.88   
99+
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11   
4
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56   
99+
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56   
99+
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
81   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
56   
99+
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm   
4
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm   
5
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm   
6
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm   
15
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)   
6
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa   
99+
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa   
99+
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62   
99+
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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