Beryllium Rubidium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Be
Rb
Group Number
2
16
1
17
Period Number
2
5
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Alkali
CAS Number
7440417
99+
7440177
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Obtained from Lithium Production.
History
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
In 1797
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %
23
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.000003 %
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
32
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
7
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
32
5.00 p.p.m.
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C
36
38.89 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C
32
688.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
White Gray
Grayish White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
0.30
24
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa
21
0.22 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s
2
1,300.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be
Rb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
9
29
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57
24
0.82
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81
12
0.31
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
0.89
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54
12
0.69
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.58
23
0.71
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43
30
3.18
3
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol
7
403.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol
23
2,633.00 kJ/mol
6
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol
2
3,860.00 kJ/mol
11
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol
2
5,080.00 kJ/mol
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,850.00 kJ/mol
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,140.00 kJ/mol
20
7th Energy level
Not Available
9,570.00 kJ/mol
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available
13,120.00 kJ/mol
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available
14,500.00 kJ/mol
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available
26,740.00 kJ/mol
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr
14
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV
6
2.16 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4
99+
37
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Kr] 5s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
4
99+
37
99+
Number of Neutrons
5
99+
48
99+
Number of Electrons
4
99+
37
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm
99+
248.00 pm
2
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm
99+
220.00 pm
4
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm
99+
303.00 pm
3
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu
99+
85.47 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol
99+
55.90 cm3/mol
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)
15
9.47 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm
99+
558.50 pm
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
18
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3
99+
1.53 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3
99+
1.46 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
19
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa
7
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa
13
2.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa
7
2.40 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.03
35
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.85
99+
1.53
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m
99+
128.00 nΩ·m
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω
5
0.08 106/cm Ω
24
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
46.90 kJ/mol
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)
2
0.36 J/(kg K)
17
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K
99+
31.06 J/mol·K
5
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K
6
58.20 W/m·K
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,093.00 K
4
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)
34
90.00 µm/(m·K)
2
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol
30
69.20 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol
30
2.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol
30
82.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K
99+
76.80 J/mol.K
5
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