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Beryllium vs Aluminium

Beryllium
Aluminium
Aluminium vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Al   
Group Number
2   
16
13   
5
Period Number
2   
3   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7429905   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Hans Christian Oersted   
Discovery
In 1797   
In 1825   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.006 %   
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.91 %   
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
8.10 %   
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
6
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
160.00 MPa   
35
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
7th Energy level
Not Available   
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
13   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
13   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
184.00 pm   
34
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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