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Beryllium vs Bismuth

Beryllium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Bi   
Group Number
2   
16
15   
3
Period Number
2   
6   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
In 1797   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
70.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
126   
18
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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