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Beryllium vs Bismuth

Beryllium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be  
Bi  
Group Number
2  
16
15  
3
Period Number
2  
6  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440417  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1797  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C  
36
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C  
33
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
White Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa  
25
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
9
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s  
2
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.56  
34
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Be  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9  
29
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57  
25
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81  
15
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
24
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.58  
26
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43  
30
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
4  
99+
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4  
99+
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
5  
99+
126  
19
Number of Electrons
4  
99+
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm  
99+
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm  
99+
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm  
99+
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu  
99+
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)  
15
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm  
99+
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
287.00 MPa  
16
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
17
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa  
7
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa  
13
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa  
7
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.03  
36
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85  
99+
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K  
6
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,551.00 K  
39
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
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