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Beryllium vs Fermium

Beryllium
Fermium
Fermium vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be  
Fm  
Group Number
2  
16
3  
15
Period Number
2  
7  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440417  
99+
7440724  
19
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1797  
In 1952  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
22
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C  
36
1,527.00 °C  
26
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C  
33
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
White Gray  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa  
25
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
9
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s  
2
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.56  
34
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
59.00 %  
24
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Be  
Fm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9  
29
18  
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57  
25
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81  
15
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
24
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.58  
26
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43  
30
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
6th Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
10th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
13th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
14th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
15th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
16th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
17th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
19th Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
20th Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
24th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
25th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
26th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
27th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.47 eV  
21
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
4  
99+
100  
18
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2  
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4  
99+
100  
18
Number of Neutrons
5  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
4  
99+
100  
18
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm  
99+
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm  
99+
180.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm  
99+
245.00 pm  
13
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu  
99+
257.00 amu  
15
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Einsteinium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Mendelevium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)  
15
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm  
99+
350.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.63  
13
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
287.00 MPa  
16
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
17
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa  
7
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa  
13
50.00 GPa  
24
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa  
7
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.03  
36
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85  
99+
9.70  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
-  
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K  
6
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,551.00 K  
39
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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