Beryllium vs Tin
Periodic Table
Symbol
Be
Sn
Group Number
2
16
14
4
Period Number
2
5
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440417
99+
7440315
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
I41/amd
Space Group Number
194.00
5
141.00
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Unknown
Discovery
In 1797
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %
23
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
32
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
32
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C
36
231.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C
32
2,270.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
White Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa
21
50.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s
2
2,730.00 m/s
32
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
9
29
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57
24
1.96
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81
12
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54
12
2.21
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.58
23
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43
30
2.04
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol
7
708.60 kJ/mol
33
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol
23
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol
2
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol
2
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV
6
4.42 eV
16
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4
99+
50
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
4
99+
50
99+
Number of Neutrons
5
99+
69
99+
Number of Electrons
4
99+
50
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm
99+
140.00 pm
38
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm
99+
217.00 pm
23
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu
99+
118.71 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol
99+
16.30 cm3/mol
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)
15
83.50 (-eV)
14
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm
99+
583.18 pm
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
18
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3
99+
7.37 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3
99+
6.99 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
19
0.00 (Pa)
17
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa
7
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa
13
58.00 GPa
20
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa
7
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.03
35
0.36
8
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.85
99+
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m
99+
115.00 nΩ·m
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω
5
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
107.30 kJ/mol
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)
2
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K
99+
27.11 J/mol·K
20
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K
6
66.80 W/m·K
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)
34
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol
30
290.40 kJ/mol
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol
30
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol
30
301.30 kJ/mol
35
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K
99+
51.20 J/mol.K
29
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