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Beryllium vs Tin

Beryllium
Tin
Tin vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be  
Sn  
Group Number
2  
16
14  
4
Period Number
2  
5  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440417  
99+
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
141.00  
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
-  
Discovery
In 1797  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
Physical
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C  
36
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C  
33
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
White Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa  
25
50.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
9
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s  
2
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.56  
34
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
51.00 %  
30
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
-  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
-  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Be  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9  
29
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57  
25
1.96  
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81  
15
1.49  
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.72  
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
24
2.21  
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.58  
26
1.82  
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43  
30
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6th Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
9th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
10th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
11th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
12th Energy Level
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
14th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
16th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
17th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
19th Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
20th Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
21st Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
23rd Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
25th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
26th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
27th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
28th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
29th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
30th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.42 eV  
22
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
4  
99+
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4  
99+
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
5  
99+
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
4  
99+
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
40
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm  
99+
217.00 pm  
29
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu  
99+
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)  
15
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm  
99+
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
0.68  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
287.00 MPa  
16
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
17
0.00  
15
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa  
7
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa  
13
58.00 GPa  
21
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa  
7
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.03  
36
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85  
99+
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K  
6
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
1,551.00 K  
39
505.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
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