Symbol
Sn
  
Sr
  
Period Number
5
  
5
  
Block
p block
  
s block
  
Element Family
Post-Transition
  
Alkaline Earth
  
Space Group Name
I41/amd
  
Fm_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown
  
William Cruickshank
  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
  
In 1787
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
  
19
~0.000005 %
  
15
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
-
By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
  
Medical Uses
Dentistry
  
NA
  
Other Uses
NA
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
  
10
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3
  
19
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
  
16
140.00 p.p.m.
  
7
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
  
99+
1,384.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
NA
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
  
32
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Sn
  
Sr
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
  
33
549.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,064.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
  
30
4,138.00 kJ/mol
  
10
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
  
99+
5,500.00 kJ/mol
  
13
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
  
13
6,910.00 kJ/mol
  
18
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
8,760.00 kJ/mol
  
18
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
10,230.00 kJ/mol
  
19
8th Energy Level
Not Available
  
11,800.00 kJ/mol
  
19
9th Energy Level
Not Available
  
15,600.00 kJ/mol
  
17
10th Energy Level
Not Available
  
17,100.00 kJ/mol
  
19
11th Energy Level
Not Available
  
31,270.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.64 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
  
[Kr] 5s2
  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
  
32
33.70 cm3/mol
  
6
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
  
14
25.70 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
  
99+
2.64 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor
  
NA
  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
  
28
132.00 nΩ·m
  
24
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
  
23
0.08 106/cm Ω
  
26
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
  
8
5.03 kJ/mol
  
38
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
28
0.30 J/(kg K)
  
18
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
  
20
26.40 J/mol·K
  
28
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
  
25
35.40 W/m·K
  
37
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
  
20
22.50 µm/(m·K)
  
18
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
  
32
150.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
  
99+
9.16 kJ/mol
  
38
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
  
35
163.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
  
29
55.00 J/mol.K
  
26