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Bismuth vs Dubnium

Bismuth
Dubnium
Dubnium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Db  
Group Number
15  
3
5  
13
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
53850354  
14
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
-  
Space Group Number
12.00  
15
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
  • In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1753  
In 1968  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
14
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
330.00 MPa  
38
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.50  
5
1.20  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
55.00 %  
27
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Db  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
10  
28
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
7
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
7
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
8
1.10  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
5
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
664.80 kJ/mol  
38
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,546.70 kJ/mol  
39
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,378.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
3,298.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,305.20 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
7th Energy level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
8,830.00 kJ/mol  
22
11th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
88,300.00 kJ/mol  
2
13th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
4,760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,129.00 kJ/mol  
19
18th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,094.90 kJ/mol  
18
20th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
883.00 kJ/mol  
36
22nd Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
33
24th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
528.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
3
29th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
1,094.00 kJ/mol  
5
30th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
29
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
83  
33
105  
13
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
105  
13
Number of Neutrons
126  
19
157  
8
Number of Electrons
83  
33
105  
13
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
38
149.00 pm  
37
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
33
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
268.00 amu  
10
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
22.80 cm3/mol  
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Rutherfordium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Seaborgium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
-  
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.63  
14
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
29.30 g/cm3  
5
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
29.30 g/cm3  
6
Tensile Strength
32.00 MPa  
99+
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
34.00 GPa  
22
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
99+
39.00 GPa  
39
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
99+
39.00  
3
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
20
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
36
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
-  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
6.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
29.30 J/mol·K  
11
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
544.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
13.20 µm/(m·K)  
37
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
289.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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