1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
1.7 CAS Number
74406997440053
7429905
54386242
1.2 Space Group Name
1.4 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
William Hyde Wollaston
2.4.1 Discovery
2.5 Abundance
2.6.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.7.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %~0.0000003 %
1E-08
0.1
2.9.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.11.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.5.1 Abundance In Oceans
1.7.1 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
4.4.2 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
271.30 °C1,554.90 °C
27
3410
5.5 Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C2,963.00 °C
147
5660
5.8 Appearance
5.8.1 Physical State
5.8.2 Color
5.8.3 Luster
5.9 Hardness
5.9.1 Mohs Hardness
5.9.3 Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa320.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.9.7 Vickers Hardness
6.4 Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s3,070.00 m/s
818
16200
9.3 Optical Properties
9.3.2 Refractive Index
9.3.5 Reflectivity
9.4 Allotropes
9.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
12.2 Electronegativity
12.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
13.1.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
13.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
13.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
13.6.4 Allen Electronegativity
13.9 Electropositivity
13.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
13.10 Ionization Energies
13.10.1 1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol520.23 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
13.11.1 2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol7,298.22 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
14.2.5 3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol11,815.13 kJ/mol
1600
34230
14.3.3 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
15.5.3 5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
17.3.2 6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
17.4.2 7th Energy level
18.3.2 8th Energy Level
18.7.2 9th Energy Level
18.8.2 10th Energy Level
18.8.8 11th Energy Level
18.8.14 12th Energy Level
18.9.1 13th Energy Level
18.9.5 14th Energy Level
18.11.3 15th Energy Level
19.4.2 16th Energy Level
19.6.2 17th Energy Level
19.6.7 18th Energy Level
19.6.14 19th Energy Level
19.6.19 20th Energy Level
19.7.3 21st Energy Level
19.8.3 22nd Energy Level
19.8.7 23rd Energy Level
19.8.12 24th Energy Level
19.9.1 25th Energy Level
19.9.4 26th Energy Level
19.10.3 27th Energy Level
20.1.4 28th Energy Level
20.4.4 29th Energy Level
20.4.8 30th Energy Level
20.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr1.99 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
20.7 Electron Work Function
20.9 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
21 Atomic
21.1 Atomic Number
21.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Kr] 4d10
21.4 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
21.4.1 Crystal Lattice
21.5 Atom
21.5.1 Number of Protons
21.7.2 Number of Neutrons
21.8.5 Number of Electrons
22.2 Radius of an Atom
22.2.1 Atomic Radius
156.00 pm137.00 pm
112
265
22.2.4 Covalent Radius
148.00 pm139.00 pm
96
260
22.2.7 Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm163.00 pm
139
348
22.3 Atomic Weight
208.98 amu106.42 amu
6.94
294
22.5 Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol8.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
22.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
22.7.1 Previous Element
22.7.2 Next Element
22.8 Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)33.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
22.10 Lattice Constant
667.40 pm389.07 pm
228.58
891.25
22.12 Lattice Angles
22.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
23 Mechanical
23.1 Density
23.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm312.02 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
23.1.10 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm310.38 g/cm3
0.512
20
24.2 Tensile Strength
24.4 Viscosity
24.6 Vapor Pressure
24.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.1.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
25.3 Elasticity properties
25.3.1 Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
27.1.1 Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa180.00 GPa
1.6
462
27.5.2 Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa121.00 GPa
1.7
528
27.9 Poisson Ratio
27.10 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
28 Magnetic
28.1 Magnetic Characteristics
28.1.1 Specific Gravity
28.3.2 Magnetic Ordering
28.3.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
28.5.2 Susceptibility
28.6 Electrical Properties
28.6.1 Electrical Property
28.6.2 Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m105.40 nΩ·m
0.18
961
29.2.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.10 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
29.8.1 Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol54.23 kJ/mol
0
222.8
30 Thermal
30.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
30.4 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K25.98 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
31.4 Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K71.80 W/m·K
6.3
429
31.6 Critical Temperature
31.12 Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)11.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
32.2 Enthalpy
32.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol376.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
32.4.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol16.74 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
32.6.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol393.30 kJ/mol
61.5
837
33.2 Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K37.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1