Cadmium Aluminium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cd
Al
Group Number
12
6
13
5
Period Number
5
3
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440439
99+
7429905
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Hans Christian Oersted
Discovery
In 1817
In 1825
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
5 * 10-3 %
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %
21
~0.006 %
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
31
0.91 %
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
8.10 %
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
6
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
11
0.00 %
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.
15
27.00 p.p.m.
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
320.90 °C
99+
660.37 °C
99+
Boiling Point
765.00 °C
99+
2,467.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.00
16
2.75
13
Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa
39
160.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
160.00 MPa
35
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s
39
5,000.00 m/s
10
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
67.00 %
11
71.00 %
10
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cd
Al
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
11
27
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.69
17
1.61
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98
9
1.71
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46
15
1.47
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53
13
1.83
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.52
27
1.61
20
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.31
37
2.39
32
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol
11
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
4th Energy Level
Not Available
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
5th Energy Level
Not Available
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
7th Energy level
Not Available
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
4.28 eV
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
48
99+
13
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
48
99+
13
99+
Number of Neutrons
64
99+
14
99+
Number of Electrons
48
99+
13
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
143.00 pm
37
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm
40
121.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm
99+
184.00 pm
34
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu
99+
26.98 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)
99+
80.70 (-eV)
17
Lattice Constant
297.94 pm
99+
404.95 pm
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89
1
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3
99+
2.70 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3
28
2.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa
16
40.00 MPa
19
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
18
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa
35
26.00 GPa
29
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa
29
76.00 GPa
18
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
70.00 GPa
28
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
0.35
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.65
36
2.72
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
4
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
3
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m
36
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
42.50 kJ/mol
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K
32
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K
16
237.00 W/m·K
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
293.70 kJ/mol
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
10.67 kJ/mol
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
322.20 kJ/mol
31
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K
27
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
|
||
|
||
|
