1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
1.6 CAS Number
74404397439954
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Joseph Black
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %6 * 10-2 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %~0.07 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
-
It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-337.80 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.1,800.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
320.90 °C650.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
765.00 °C1,107.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa260.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s4,940.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol737.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol1,450.70 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol7,732.70 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA10,542.50 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA13,630.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA18,020.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA21,711.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA25,661.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA31,653.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA35,458.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA169,988.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA189,368.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr0.45 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm160.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm141.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm173.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu24.31 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol13.97 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)40.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
297.94 pm320.94 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm31.74 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm31.58 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa17.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa45.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa45.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
8.1.3 Permeability
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m43.90 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.23 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)1.02 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K24.87 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K156.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)24.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol128.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol8.95 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol148.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K32.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1