1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74404397440520
7429905
54386242
2.3 Space Group Name
2.4 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
4.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Carl Gustaf Mosander
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
4.6.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
5.3.2 Abundance In Meteorites
5.5.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.6.3 Abundance In Oceans
6.3.7 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
7.1.2 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
7.1.3 Medical Uses
7.1.4 Other Uses
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
8.2.1 In Bone
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
320.90 °C1,522.00 °C
27
3410
9.6 Boiling Point
765.00 °C2,510.00 °C
147
5660
10.5 Appearance
10.5.1 Physical State
10.5.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
10.5.3 Luster
10.6 Hardness
10.6.1 Mohs Hardness
10.9.2 Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa814.00 MPa
0.14
3490
13.1.2 Vickers Hardness
13.3 Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s2,830.00 m/s
818
16200
13.8 Optical Properties
13.8.1 Refractive Index
13.9.2 Reflectivity
13.10 Allotropes
13.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14 Chemical
14.1 Chemical Formula
14.2 Isotopes
14.2.1 Known Isotopes
14.6 Electronegativity
14.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
15.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
15.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
15.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
15.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
15.9 Electropositivity
15.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
15.11 Ionization Energies
15.11.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol589.30 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
16.4.2 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol1,150.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
16.6.2 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol2,194.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
16.8.2 4th Energy Level
NA4,120.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
16.9.1 5th Energy Level
16.9.4 6th Energy Level
17.1.3 7th Energy level
17.1.6 8th Energy Level
17.1.9 9th Energy Level
17.3.2 10th Energy Level
17.7.1 11th Energy Level
17.9.3 12th Energy Level
18.1.6 13th Energy Level
18.3.4 14th Energy Level
18.4.1 15th Energy Level
18.4.5 16th Energy Level
18.5.3 17th Energy Level
18.6.1 18th Energy Level
19.1.2 19th Energy Level
19.1.7 20th Energy Level
19.1.10 21st Energy Level
19.1.13 22nd Energy Level
19.2.4 23rd Energy Level
19.2.5 24th Energy Level
19.2.9 25th Energy Level
19.2.11 26th Energy Level
19.2.15 27th Energy Level
20.1.1 28th Energy Level
20.2.1 29th Energy Level
21.1.2 30th Energy Level
21.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr2.08 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
21.5 Electron Work Function
21.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
22 Atomic
22.1 Atomic Number
22.3 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
22.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
22.4.1 Crystal Lattice
22.5 Atom
22.5.1 Number of Protons
22.6.2 Number of Neutrons
22.6.7 Number of Electrons
22.8 Radius of an Atom
22.8.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
22.9.1 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm189.00 pm
96
260
22.10.1 Van der Waals Radius
22.11 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu167.26 amu
6.94
294
22.12 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol18.40 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
22.15 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
22.15.1 Previous Element
22.15.2 Next Element
22.16 Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)49.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
22.18 Lattice Constant
297.94 pm355.88 pm
228.58
891.25
23.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
23.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
24 Mechanical
24.1 Density
24.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm39.07 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
24.4.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm38.86 g/cm3
0.512
20
24.5 Tensile Strength
24.6 Viscosity
24.7 Vapor Pressure
24.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
24.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
24.10 Elasticity properties
24.10.1 Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa28.30 GPa
1.3
222
24.10.5 Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa44.40 GPa
1.6
462
24.11.1 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa69.90 GPa
1.7
528
24.13 Poisson Ratio
24.14 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Malleable
25 Magnetic
25.1 Magnetic Characteristics
25.1.1 Specific Gravity
25.3.2 Magnetic Ordering
25.3.3 Permeability
25.4.1 Susceptibility
25.5 Electrical Properties
25.5.1 Electrical Property
25.5.2 Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m0.86 nΩ·m
0.18
961
26.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
26.1.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
27 Thermal
27.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.17 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
27.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K28.12 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
27.6 Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K14.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
27.8 Critical Temperature
27.10 Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)12.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
27.12 Enthalpy
27.12.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol261.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
28.1.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol17.20 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
28.1.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol314.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
28.6 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K73.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1