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Cadmium
Cadmium

Erbium
Erbium



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Cadmium vs Erbium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cd
Er
1.2 Group Number
12NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.6 Period Number
56
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74404397440520
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
2.3 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
2.4 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
4.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Carl Gustaf Mosander
4.3.2 Discovery
In 1817
In 1842
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %2 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
4.6.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
5.3.2 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
5.5.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
5.6.3 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
6.3.7 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
7.1.2 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
7.1.3 Medical Uses
NA
NA
7.1.4 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Mildly Toxic
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
8.2.1 In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
320.90 °C1,522.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
9.6 Boiling Point
765.00 °C2,510.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
10.5 Appearance
10.5.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
10.5.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
10.5.3 Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
10.6 Hardness
10.6.1 Mohs Hardness
2.00NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
10.9.2 Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa814.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
13.1.2 Vickers Hardness
NA589.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
13.3 Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s2,830.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
13.8 Optical Properties
13.8.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
13.9.2 Reflectivity
67.00 %NA
Molybdenum
58 97
13.10 Allotropes
13.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14 Chemical
14.1 Chemical Formula
Cd
Er
14.2 Isotopes
14.2.1 Known Isotopes
3431
Tennessine
0 38
14.6 Electronegativity
14.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.691.24
Francium
0.7 2.54
15.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
15.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.461.11
Cesium
0.86 1.82
15.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53NA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
15.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
1.52NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
15.9 Electropositivity
15.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.312.76
Gold
1.46 3.3
15.11 Ionization Energies
15.11.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol589.30 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
16.4.2 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol1,150.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
16.6.2 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol2,194.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
16.8.2 4th Energy Level
NA4,120.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
16.9.1 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
16.9.4 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
17.1.3 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
17.1.6 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
17.1.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
17.3.2 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
17.7.1 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
17.9.3 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
18.1.6 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
18.3.4 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
18.4.1 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
18.4.5 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
18.5.3 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
18.6.1 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
19.1.2 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
19.1.7 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
19.1.10 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
19.1.13 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
19.2.4 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
19.2.5 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
19.2.9 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
19.2.11 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
19.2.15 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
20.1.1 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
20.2.1 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
21.1.2 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
21.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr2.08 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
21.5 Electron Work Function
4.22 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
21.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
22 Atomic
22.1 Atomic Number
4868
Lithium
3 117
22.3 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
22.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
22.4.1 Crystal Lattice
22.5 Atom
22.5.1 Number of Protons
4868
Lithium
3 117
22.6.2 Number of Neutrons
6499
Lithium
4 184
22.6.7 Number of Electrons
4868
Lithium
3 117
22.8 Radius of an Atom
22.8.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm176.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
22.9.1 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm189.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
22.10.1 Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pmNA
Zinc
139 348
22.11 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu167.26 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
22.12 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol18.40 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
22.15 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
22.15.1 Previous Element
22.15.2 Next Element
22.16 Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)49.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
22.18 Lattice Constant
297.94 pm355.88 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
23.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
23.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.891.57
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
24 Mechanical
24.1 Density
24.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm39.07 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
24.4.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm38.86 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
24.5 Tensile Strength
62.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
24.6 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
24.7 Vapor Pressure
24.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
24.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
24.10 Elasticity properties
24.10.1 Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa28.30 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
24.10.5 Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa44.40 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
24.11.1 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa69.90 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
24.13 Poisson Ratio
0.300.24
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
24.14 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Malleable
25 Magnetic
25.1 Magnetic Characteristics
25.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.659.07
Lithium
0.53 4500
25.3.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
25.3.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
25.4.1 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
25.5 Electrical Properties
25.5.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
25.5.2 Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m0.86 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
26.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
26.1.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
27 Thermal
27.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.17 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
27.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K28.12 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
27.6 Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K14.50 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
27.8 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
27.10 Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)12.20 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
27.12 Enthalpy
27.12.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol261.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
28.1.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol17.20 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
28.1.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol314.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
28.6 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K73.10 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1