1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74405207440042
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
2.2 Sources
Mining
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Smithson Tennant
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %3 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
3.2.4 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,522.00 °C3,045.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C5,027.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Bluish-Gray
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa3,490.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s4,940.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol840.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol1,309.80 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol1,600.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
5.5.7 7th Energy level
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr1.77 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm133.80 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
6.6 Atomic Weight
167.26 amu190.23 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol8.49 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)91.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
355.88 pm273.44 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm322.59 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm320.00 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa222.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa462.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m81.20 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.11 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol106.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K24.70 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K87.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)5.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol627.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol29.30 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol669.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K32.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1