1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.7 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.8 CAS Number
74400427439910
7429905
54386242
2.2 Space Group Name
2.3 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
3.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Carl Gustaf Mosander
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.5.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.5.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.2.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.2.2 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
5.3.1 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
3,045.00 °C920.00 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C3,469.00 °C
147
5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
6.4.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
6.4.3 Luster
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
6.6.1 Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa350.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.6.2 Vickers Hardness
6.7 Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s2,475.00 m/s
818
16200
6.8 Optical Properties
6.8.1 Refractive Index
6.8.2 Reflectivity
6.9 Allotropes
6.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
7.4 Electropositivity
7.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.5 Ionization Energies
7.5.1 1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol538.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol1,067.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.5.3 3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol1,850.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA4,819.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA5,940.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.5.6 6th Energy Level
7.5.7 7th Energy level
7.5.8 8th Energy Level
7.5.9 9th Energy Level
7.5.10 10th Energy Level
7.5.11 11th Energy Level
7.5.12 12th Energy Level
7.5.13 13th Energy Level
7.5.14 14th Energy Level
7.5.15 15th Energy Level
7.5.16 16th Energy Level
7.5.17 17th Energy Level
7.5.18 18th Energy Level
7.5.19 19th Energy Level
7.5.20 20th Energy Level
7.5.21 21st Energy Level
7.5.22 22nd Energy Level
7.5.23 23rd Energy Level
7.5.24 24th Energy Level
7.5.25 25th Energy Level
7.5.26 26th Energy Level
7.5.27 27th Energy Level
7.5.28 28th Energy Level
7.5.29 29th Energy Level
7.5.30 30th Energy Level
7.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr1.73 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.7 Electron Work Function
7.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
8.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
8.3.1 Crystal Lattice
8.4 Atom
8.4.1 Number of Protons
8.4.2 Number of Neutrons
8.4.3 Number of Electrons
8.5 Radius of an Atom
8.5.1 Atomic Radius
133.80 pm187.00 pm
112
265
8.5.2 Covalent Radius
8.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm240.00 pm
139
348
8.6 Atomic Weight
190.23 amu138.91 amu
6.94
294
8.7 Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol20.73 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
8.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.8.1 Previous Element
8.8.2 Next Element
8.9 Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)40.71 (-eV)
8
392.42
8.10 Lattice Constant
273.44 pm377.20 pm
228.58
891.25
8.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
8.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
9 Mechanical
9.1 Density
9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm36.16 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
9.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm35.94 g/cm3
0.512
20
9.2 Tensile Strength
9.3 Viscosity
9.4 Vapor Pressure
9.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
9.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.98 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
9.5 Elasticity properties
9.5.1 Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa14.30 GPa
1.3
222
9.5.2 Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa27.90 GPa
1.6
462
9.5.3 Young's Modulus
9.6 Poisson Ratio
9.7 Other Mechanical Properties
10 Magnetic
10.1 Magnetic Characteristics
10.1.1 Specific Gravity
10.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
10.1.3 Permeability
10.1.4 Susceptibility
10.2 Electrical Properties
10.2.1 Electrical Property
10.2.2 Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m615.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
10.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
10.2.4 Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol48.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
11 Thermal
11.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
11.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K27.11 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
11.3 Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K13.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
11.4 Critical Temperature
11.5 Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)12.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
11.6 Enthalpy
11.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol399.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
11.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol6.20 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
11.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol431.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
11.7 Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K56.90 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1