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Cadmium vs Lutetium

Cadmium
Lutetium
Lutetium vs Cadmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cd  
Lu  
Group Number
12  
6
Not Available  
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440439  
99+
7439943  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
  • Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
  • Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach  
Discovery
In 1817  
In 1906  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %  
22
1 * 10-8 %  
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %  
21
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
11
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
  • Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
Not Available  
In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.  
15
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
320.90 °C  
99+
1,652.00 °C  
19
Boiling Point
765.00 °C  
99+
3,402.00 °C  
19
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
16
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa  
39
893.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
1,160.00 MPa  
8
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s  
39
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
11
Not Available  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cd  
Lu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.69  
17
1.27  
34
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
9
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46  
15
1.14  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53  
13
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.52  
27
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.31  
37
2.73  
20
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
32
1,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
2,022.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
6,445.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr  
27
2.18 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
22
3.30 eV  
33
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
48  
99+
71  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
48  
99+
71  
99+
Number of Neutrons
64  
99+
104  
30
Number of Electrons
48  
99+
71  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
32
174.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
40
187.00 pm  
20
Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm  
99+
221.00 pm  
22
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu  
99+
174.97 amu  
40
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
39
17.78 cm3/mol  
30
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Silver
  
Ytterbium
  
Next Element
Indium
  
Hafnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
50.90 (-eV)  
26
Lattice Constant
297.94 pm  
99+
350.31 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
1
1.59  
10
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
9.84 g/cm3  
38
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3  
28
9.30 g/cm3  
22
Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa  
16
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
3.18 (Pa)  
11
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa  
35
27.20 GPa  
26
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa  
29
47.60 GPa  
23
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
36
68.60 GPa  
30
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.26  
21
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.65  
36
9.84  
29
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
582.00 nΩ·m  
9
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
15
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
0.15 J/(kg K)  
36
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K  
32
26.86 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K  
16
16.40 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
40
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
355.90 kJ/mol  
22
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
18.70 kJ/mol  
13
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
398.00 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K  
27
51.00 J/mol.K  
30
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