Home
 Compare Metals

Californium vs Lead

Californium
Lead
Lead vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf  
Pb  
Group Number
3  
15
14  
4
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440713  
20
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1950  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
900.00 °C  
99+
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C  
99+
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,800.00 MPa  
7
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cf  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
98  
20
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98  
20
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
125  
20
Number of Electrons
98  
20
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu  
17
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm  
99+
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3  
21
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.10 g/cm3  
22
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.00 GPa  
29
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10  
24
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
900.00 K  
99+
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Actinide Series

Actinide Series

Actinide Series

» More Actinide Series

Compare Actinide Series

» More Compare Actinide Series
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!