Cerium Sodium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce
Na
Group Number
Not Available
1
17
Period Number
6
3
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkali
CAS Number
7440451
99+
7440235
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1803
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
2 * 10-3 %
6
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.004 %
6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
27
0.55 %
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
18
2.30 %
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
33
1.10 %
1
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.14 %
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.
14
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C
99+
97.72 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C
23
883.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
0.50
22
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa
99+
0.69 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa
32
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s
99+
3,200.00 m/s
24
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce
Na
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12
99+
0.93
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.56
30
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08
31
1.01
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.91
21
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
0.87
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88
11
3.07
6
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
7th Energy level
Not Available
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
9th Energy Level
Not Available
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
10th Energy Level
Not Available
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
11th Energy Level
Not Available
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV
39
2.75 eV
40
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58
99+
11
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
[Ne] 3s1
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
58
99+
11
99+
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
58
99+
11
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm
12
186.00 pm
9
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm
8
166.00 pm
27
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm
17
227.00 pm
21
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu
99+
22.99 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol
17
23.70 cm3/mol
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)
99+
14.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm
34
429.06 pm
19
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3
99+
0.97 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3
38
0.93 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
34
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)
13
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa
99+
3.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa
99+
6.30 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa
99+
10.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24
27
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.77
99+
0.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m
3
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
52.80 kJ/mol
19
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K
23
28.23 J/mol·K
10
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K
99+
142.00 W/m·K
11
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,573.00 K
2
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol
16
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol
23
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K
12
51.30 J/mol.K
28
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