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Cerium vs Vanadium

Cerium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Cerium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce   
V   
Group Number
Not Available   
5   
13
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440451   
99+
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
27
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
33
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C   
99+
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C   
23
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa   
99+
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa   
32
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12   
99+
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88   
11
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
Not Available   
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV   
39
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58   
99+
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58   
99+
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
58   
99+
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm   
12
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm   
8
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm   
17
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu   
99+
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm   
34
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3   
38
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)   
13
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa   
99+
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa   
99+
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa   
99+
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
27
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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