Cesium Thulium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs
Tm
Group Number
1
17
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkali
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440462
40
7440304
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
In 1860
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %
24
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %
20
~0.00000002 %
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
17
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
- In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
28
Not Available
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.
26
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C
99+
1,545.00 °C
23
Boiling Point
678.40 °C
99+
1,730.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gold
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.20
25
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa
99+
471.00 MPa
25
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
520.00 MPa
21
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79
99+
1.25
35
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22
33
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86
99+
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62
26
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.66
99+
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21
2
2.75
19
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol
99+
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol
8
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol
16
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr
3
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV
99+
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55
99+
69
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
55
99+
69
99+
Number of Neutrons
78
99+
100
32
Number of Electrons
55
99+
69
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm
1
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm
2
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm
2
Not Available
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu
99+
168.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol
1
18.10 cm3/mol
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)
99+
49.70 (-eV)
28
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm
5
353.75 pm
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3
99+
9.32 g/cm3
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3
99+
8.56 g/cm3
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.06 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
30.50 GPa
22
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa
99+
44.50 GPa
26
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa
99+
74.00 GPa
27
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.21
31
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.87
99+
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m
17
676.00 nΩ·m
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol
25
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K
4
27.03 J/mol·K
22
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K
36
16.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K
5
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)
1
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol
99+
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol
99+
16.80 kJ/mol
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol
99+
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K
3
74.00 J/mol.K
9
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