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Cesium vs Californium

Cesium
Californium
Californium vs Cesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs   
Cf   
Group Number
1   
17
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440462   
40
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1860   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %   
24
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %   
20
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
17
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
17
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
28
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.   
26
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C   
99+
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
678.40 °C   
99+
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gold   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20   
25
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79   
99+
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22   
33
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86   
99+
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62   
26
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.66   
99+
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21   
2
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol   
99+
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol   
8
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol   
16
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr   
3
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV   
99+
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55   
99+
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
55   
99+
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
78   
99+
153   
9
Number of Electrons
55   
99+
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm   
1
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm   
2
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm   
2
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu   
99+
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol   
1
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tin
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Barium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)   
99+
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm   
5
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3   
99+
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.87   
99+
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m   
17
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol   
25
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K   
4
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K   
36
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K   
5
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)   
1
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K   
3
Not Available   
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