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Chemical Properties of Thulium and Gadolinium

Thulium
Gadolinium
Chemical Properties of Gadolinium and Thulium


Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm   
Gd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25   
35
1.20   
39
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.11   
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75   
19
2.80   
15
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
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