Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Interesting Facts
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Charles Hatchett
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798
In 1801
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Pauling Electropositivity
8th Energy Level
Not Available
9th Energy Level
Not Available
10th Energy Level
Not Available
11th Energy Level
Not Available
12th Energy Level
Not Available
13th Energy Level
Not Available
14th Energy Level
Not Available
15th Energy Level
Not Available
16th Energy Level
Not Available
17th Energy Level
Not Available
18th Energy Level
Not Available
19th Energy Level
Not Available
20th Energy Level
Not Available
21st Energy Level
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available