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Chromium vs Sodium

Chromium
Sodium
Sodium vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
-  
Group Number
6  
12
1  
17
Period Number
4  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
7440235  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
By Electrolysis Process, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
In 1807  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
0.55 %  
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
2.30 %  
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
1.10 %  
1
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.14 %  
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
1
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
10,000.00 p.p.m.  
2
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
97.72 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
99+
883.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
0.50  
24
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
18
0.69 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
17
0.69 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
8
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.97  
2
1.33  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
53.00 %  
28
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr  
-  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
19
0.93  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
17
0.56  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
11
1.01  
36
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66  
19
0.91  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
0.87  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
3.07  
6
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
4,562.00 kJ/mol  
4
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
6,910.30 kJ/mol  
6
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
9,543.00 kJ/mol  
5
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
13,354.00 kJ/mol  
4
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
16,613.00 kJ/mol  
4
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
20,117.00 kJ/mol  
4
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
25,496.00 kJ/mol  
4
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
28,932.00 kJ/mol  
4
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
141,362.00 kJ/mol  
2
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
159,076.00 kJ/mol  
2
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
4,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
495.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.86 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
2.75 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
24  
99+
11  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Ne] 3s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
11  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
11  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
186.00 pm  
11
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
166.00 pm  
29
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
227.00 pm  
26
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
22.99 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
23.70 cm3/mol  
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Beryllium
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Magnesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
14.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
429.06 pm  
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.01  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
0.97 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
0.93 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
10.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
3.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
6.30 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
10.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
0.97  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
6
Susceptibility
0.00  
10
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
47.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
0.21 106/cm Ω  
9
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
52.80 kJ/mol  
24
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
1.23 J/(kg K)  
3
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
28.23 J/mol·K  
13
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
142.00 W/m·K  
11
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K  
24
2,573.00 K  
10
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
71.00 µm/(m·K)  
4
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
89.04 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
2.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
108.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
51.30 J/mol.K  
39
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