Sodium vs Manganese
Periodic Table
Symbol
Na
Mn
Group Number
1
17
7
11
Period Number
3
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440235
99+
7439965
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
I_ 43m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
217.00
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Discovery
In 1807
In 1774
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %
6
8 * 10-4 %
8
Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %
6
~0.001 %
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %
6
0.27 %
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %
5
0.11 %
8
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %
1
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %
3
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
14
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
100.00 p.p.m.
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
97.72 °C
99+
1,245.00 °C
37
Boiling Point
883.00 °C
99+
1,962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.50
22
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa
99+
196.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s
24
5,150.00 m/s
7
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Na
Mn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
17
22
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93
99+
1.55
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56
30
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01
35
1.60
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91
21
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.87
99+
1.75
15
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07
6
2.45
29
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
717.30 kJ/mol
30
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
1,509.00 kJ/mol
39
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
3,248.00 kJ/mol
21
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
4,940.00 kJ/mol
20
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
6,990.00 kJ/mol
17
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
9,220.00 kJ/mol
16
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
11,500.00 kJ/mol
16
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
18,770.00 kJ/mol
5
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
21,400.00 kJ/mol
6
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
23,960.00 kJ/mol
9
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
27,590.00 kJ/mol
10
12th Energy Level
Not Available
30,330.00 kJ/mol
10
13th Energy Level
Not Available
33,150.00 kJ/mol
11
14th Energy Level
Not Available
38,880.00 kJ/mol
10
15th Energy Level
Not Available
41,987.00 kJ/mol
13
16th Energy Level
Not Available
109,480.00 kJ/mol
1
17th Energy Level
Not Available
118,100.00 kJ/mol
2
18th Energy Level
Not Available
127,100.00 kJ/mol
3
19th Energy Level
Not Available
138,600.00 kJ/mol
4
20th Energy Level
Not Available
148,500.00 kJ/mol
6
21st Energy Level
Not Available
158,600.00 kJ/mol
6
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
172,500.00 kJ/mol
5
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
181,380.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
0.29 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV
40
4.10 eV
25
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
11
99+
25
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
11
99+
25
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
11
99+
25
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm
9
127.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm
27
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm
21
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu
99+
54.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol
10
1.39 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)
99+
220.00 (-eV)
2
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm
19
891.25 pm
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3
99+
7.21 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3
99+
5.95 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
12
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa
99+
120.00 GPa
14
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa
99+
198.00 GPa
12
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.97
99+
7.21
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
1.44 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol
19
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
0.48 J/(kg K)
11
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K
10
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K
11
7.81 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K
2
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
21.70 µm/(m·K)
21
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
219.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
14.64 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
280.30 kJ/mol
38
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K
28
32.00 J/mol.K
99+
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