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Sodium vs Magnesium

Sodium
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Sodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Na   
Mg   
Group Number
1   
17
2   
16
Period Number
3   
3   
Block
s block   
s block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440235   
99+
7439954   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining   
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Joseph Black   
Discovery
In 1807   
In 1755   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %   
6
6 * 10-2 %   
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %   
6
~0.07 %   
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %   
6
12.00 %   
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %   
5
2.90 %   
4
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %   
1
0.13 %   
2
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %   
3
0.03 %   
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
1
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.   
2
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
97.72 °C   
99+
650.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
883.00 °C   
99+
1,107.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.50   
22
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa   
99+
260.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s   
24
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
74.00 %   
7
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Na   
Mg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
15   
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93   
99+
1.31   
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56   
30
1.32   
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01   
35
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91   
21
1.37   
16
Allen Electronegativity
0.87   
99+
1.29   
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07   
6
2.69   
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol   
99+
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol   
4
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol   
6
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol   
5
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol   
4
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol   
4
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol   
4
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol   
4
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol   
4
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol   
2
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol   
2
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV   
40
3.66 eV   
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
11   
99+
12   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1   
[Ne] 3s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
11   
99+
12   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
12   
99+
Number of Electrons
11   
99+
12   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
160.00 pm   
27
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm   
27
141.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm   
21
173.00 pm   
37
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu   
99+
24.31 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol   
10
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Beryllium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Magnesium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)   
99+
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm   
19
320.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3   
99+
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3   
99+
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa   
99+
17.00 GPa   
37
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa   
99+
45.00 GPa   
25
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa   
99+
45.00 GPa   
39
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.97   
99+
1.74   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m   
99+
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
9
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol   
19
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)   
3
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K   
10
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K   
11
156.00 W/m·K   
8
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K   
2
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)   
4
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol   
99+
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol   
99+
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol   
99+
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K   
28
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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