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Magnesium vs Copper

Magnesium
Copper
Copper vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg   
Cu   
Group Number
2   
16
11   
7
Period Number
3   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1755   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Copper   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15   
24
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
12   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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