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Magnesium vs Copper

Magnesium
Copper
Copper vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg  
Cu  
Group Number
2  
16
11  
7
Period Number
3  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439954  
99+
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black  
-  
Discovery
In 1755  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.06 %  
3
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.07 %  
2
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %  
2
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %  
4
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %  
2
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %  
5
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
650.00 °C  
99+
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C  
99+
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Copper  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.49  
37
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
74.00 %  
9
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mg  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31  
32
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32  
24
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37  
30
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.29  
99+
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69  
23
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV  
40
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
12  
99+
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12  
99+
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
12  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
12  
99+
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu  
99+
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm  
99+
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
15
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa  
25
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
24
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa  
99+
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa  
29
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74  
99+
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
33
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K  
8
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
923.00 K  
99+
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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