Sodium Magnesium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Na
Mg
Group Number
1
17
2
16
Period Number
3
3
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkali
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440235
99+
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1807
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %
6
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %
6
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %
6
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %
5
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %
1
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %
3
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
97.72 °C
99+
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
883.00 °C
99+
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.50
22
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa
99+
260.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s
24
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Na
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
17
22
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93
99+
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56
30
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01
35
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91
21
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
0.87
99+
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07
6
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV
40
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
11
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
11
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
11
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm
9
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm
27
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm
21
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol
10
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)
99+
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm
19
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3
99+
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa
99+
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa
99+
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa
99+
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.97
99+
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol
19
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K
10
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K
11
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K
2
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K
28
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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