Magnesium Sodium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Na
Group Number
2
16
1
17
Period Number
3
3
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Alkali
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7440235
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1755
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
2 * 10-3 %
6
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~0.004 %
6
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
0.55 %
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
2.30 %
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
1.10 %
1
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
0.14 %
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
97.72 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
883.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
0.50
22
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
0.69 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
3,200.00 m/s
24
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Na
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
0.93
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
0.56
30
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.01
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
0.91
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
0.87
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
3.07
6
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
2.75 eV
40
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
11
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Ne] 3s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
11
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
12
99+
11
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
186.00 pm
9
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
166.00 pm
27
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
227.00 pm
21
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
22.99 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
23.70 cm3/mol
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
14.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
429.06 pm
19
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
0.97 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
0.93 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
3.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
6.30 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
10.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
0.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
52.80 kJ/mol
19
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
28.23 J/mol·K
10
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
142.00 W/m·K
11
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,573.00 K
2
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
51.30 J/mol.K
28
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